新视野大学英语

课文难点

1.         (L.3) A white dot appeared in the sky, as small and innocent-looking as a slip of paper.

2.         innocent: adj.

    1) harmless无害的，无恶意的

    He was startled by their angry response to his innocent remark. 他们对他那并无恶意的话作出愤怒的反应，使他大吃一惊。

    It was a perfectly innocent question. Why get so worked up about it? 那纯粹是无所谓的问题。何必那么激动？

    2) not guilty无罪的，无辜的

    He was innocent of the crime. 他是无罪的。

    They have imprisoned an innocent man. 他们监禁了一个无辜的男子。

    3) suffering harm although not involved 无辜受害的

    innocent victims of the bomb blast炸弹下的无辜牺牲者

    an innocent bystander 无端受害的旁观者

3.         (L.3) It was falling away from the plane, drifting down toward them.

    drifting down toward them 为-ing分词短语作伴随状语。

4.         drift : vi. move slowly, esp. as a result of outside forces, with no control over direction  漂流，飘动

    Our boat drifted down the river. 我们的小船顺水漂流而下。

    The smoke pall drifted away. 烟幕渐渐散去。

    drift: n.

    1) [C] things, esp. snow or sand, piled up by the wind（被风吹积的）一堆

    Drifts of snow blocked the way.　积雪阻塞了道路。

    Big snow drifts made progress slow and difficult. 大堆大堆的积雪使前进变得缓慢而又艰难。

    2) [U] general meaning without the details 要旨，大意

    I caught the drift of what he said. 我明白他的话的大意。

    Did you get the drift of the argument? 辨轮的要点你明白吗？

5.         (L.6)The air exploded in blinding lightning and color, the rays shooting outward as in a child’s drawing of the sun, and Kaz was flung to the ground so violently that her two front teeth broke off; she had sunk into unconsciousness.

    the rays shooting …of the sun 为带逻辑主语的-ing分词短语作伴随状语。

6.         explode: vi.

    1) burst violently 爆炸

    The bomb exploded at 10:15 p.m. 炸弹在晚上十时十五分爆炸了。

    The army took the bomb away to a safe place and exploded it. 部队把炸弹移到安全的地方并把它引爆了。

     2) (of feelings) burst out suddenly（指感情）爆发，突发

    He exploded with / in anger. 他大发脾气。

    The audience exploded into / with laughter. 观众发出了哄笑。

    3) increase very quickly激增，迅速扩大

    The cost of new housing has been exploding. 新住房的费用一直在暴涨。

    Suburbs are exploding outward. 市郊正在迅速向外扩张。

7.          (L.8) Kaz’s father had been out back weeding the vegetables in his underclothes.

    back weeding the vegetables in his underclothes为-ing分词短语作结果状语。

8.         weed: v. take out wild plants from (the ground) 除去（地上）的杂草

    Peasants are busy weeding under the scorching sun. 农民正在赤日炎炎下忙着除草。

    weed: n. [C] a wild plant growing where it is not wanted, esp. among crops or garden plants 杂草，野草

    My garden is running to weeds. 我的园里长满了杂草。

9.         (L.9) When he came staggering out of the garden, blood was running from his nose and mouth.

    -ing分词staggering 在句中作方式状语。

10.     stagger: vi. Walk or move unsteadily as if about to fall (from carrying sth. heavy, being weak, drunk or injured, etc. ) (因负重，虚弱，醉酒等) 蹒跚，摇晃

    The ship staggered. 船晃得很厉害。

    He staggered into the dining-room. 他摇摇晃晃地走进餐厅。

    stagger: vt. cause (sb.) to feel shocked or surprised because of sth. unexpected or very unusual happening 使吃惊

    He was staggered by the news. 这消息使他感到惊谔。

    The news staggered me for the moment. 这消息一时使我感到非常震惊。

11.      (L.10) By the next day the exposed part of his body had turned a chocolate brown.

12.     expose: vi.

    1) uncover or leave sb./sth. uncovered or unprotected 使暴露，使遭受  

    His fatness exposes him to a lot of joking at the office. 他长得很胖，因此在办公室常被人取笑。

    Don’t expose it to the sun. 此物谨防日晒。

    2) make known (sth. secret) 揭露 

    The magazine exposed the politician as a crook. 该杂志揭露这个政客是个骗子。

13.     (L.11) What had been a luxury home in that sector of the city came thundering down.

    此句中What had been a luxury home in that sector of the city 为名词性关系代词what引导的主语从句作主语，thundering为-ing分词作方式状语。

14.     luxury: n.

    1) [U] (regular use and enjoyment of) the best and most expensive food and drink, clothes, surrounding, etc. 奢侈，豪华，奢华

    She was accustomed to luxury. 她习惯于奢侈的享受。    

    He was brought up in luxury. 他是过豪华生活长大的。  

    2) [C] a thing that is expensive and enjoyable, but not necessary 奢侈品，昂贵的东西

    He saved some money for luxuries such as fine paintings. 他积攒了一些钱，为的是想买几幅精品油画之类的奢侈品。

    At that time, candles were a luxury. 那时候能点上蜡烛就是难得的了。

15.     sector: n.

    1) [C] an area that is separate from others区域 

    the British sector in the city of Berlin 柏林的英国防区

    After World War II, Berlin was divided into four sectors. 二战后，柏林被分成了四个防区。

    2) [C] one of the areas into which the economic activity of a country is divided（经济）部门，行业

    the electronics sector 电子行业

    the banking sector 银行界

16.     (L.14) Kaz’s father had been born to a family of some wealth and social position in Hiroshima, and had emigrated to America in the early 1920s in the spirit of adventure, not of need or flight; he never intended to stay.

    此句中not of need or flight 和前面的of adventure并列作定语，修饰the spirit。

17.     spirit : n. an intention or feeling in the mind; attitude 意向；心情；态度

    He took the criticism in the right spirit, without offence. 他以正确的态度对待批评，一点也不生气。

    You must understand this in the spirit in which it was written. 你必须从作者的原意去了解这个。

18.     (L.16) He moved back to Hiroshima at 40; it was expected of him as the sole male heir to their name.

    注意：it在此句中不是形式主语，而是指代前半句中He moved back to Hiroshima at 40这一事件；expect (sth.) of (sb.) 意为“对（某人）有……期望； 指望（某人）做……”→短语搭配

19.     (L.17) But he brought his American baby girl with him, and a life-style flavored with American ways.

    flavored with American ways为过去分词短语作定语，修饰a life-style，其意义相当于定语从句：which were flavored with American ways。

20.     (L.19) There was a courtyard in front of the place and two gardens in back, one to provide vegetables, one to delight the eye in the formal Japanese layout.

    one to provide vegetables和one to delight … Japanese layout 为两个带逻辑主语的动词不定式短语作定语，对前面的名词gardens进行说明。有时，动词不定式的逻辑主语前面可以不用任何引导词，而把主语直接置于不定式之前。又如：

    We shall assemble at ten forty-five, the procession to start moving at precisely eleven. 我们十点四十五分集合，游行于十一点整正式开始。

21.     layout: n. [C] a way in which the parts of sth. are arranged according to a plan 布局，安排，设计

    This map shows the layout of the plant. 这张图展示了工厂的布局。

    The dinner was a fine layout. 晚餐的布置很精致。

22.     (L.22) Dinner was Japanese, with the family sitting on the floor in the traditional way.

    with the family … traditional way 为with独立结构，作状语说明附带情况。其中，the family为逻辑主语，sitting on the floor in the traditional way为逻辑谓语。

23.     (L.23) Breakfast was American, pancakes or bacon or ham and eggs, taken at the kitchen table.  

    pancakes or bacon or ham and eggs为同位语说明breakfast； taken at the kitchen table为-ed分词短语作定语修饰breakfast。

24.      (L.25) What remained of the life he had made was blown to bits though his home was more than a mile from ground zero.

    What remained of the life he had made为名词性关系代词what引导的主语从句作主语，what意为：the thing(s) which

25.      (L.27) His flesh, when Kaz touched him, had the soft feel of a boiled tomato.

    此句中feel为名词，意为：“（摸起来的）感觉”；boiled为-ed分词作定语,修饰tomato，意为：“煮熟了的”。

26.      (L.29) Kaz was anxiously waiting for the return of another member of her family when a tall chap appeared where the gate had been.

    the return of another member中of表示主谓关系：another member 为return的逻辑主语；where the gate had been为状语从句作when时间状语从句中的地点状语。

27.      (L.30) “He’s back!” she shouted; her brother, at six feet tall, towered over most Japanese men, and …

28.     tower: vi. to be very tall, esp. in relation to the height of the surroundings 高耸, 屹立

    The high mountains towered over the little town. 高山耸立在小镇边上。   

    The skyscrapers tower over New York. 摩天大楼在纽约市高高耸立。   

29.     (L.31) But when he drew closer, she could barely recognize him through his wounds.

30.     draw: vi. to move or go steadily or gradually (持续、逐渐地)移动, 行进

    Winter is drawing near. 冬天即将来临。

    The train drew into the station. 火车徐徐驶入车站。 

31.     (L.34) For a moment, he stood swaying at the ruins of the gate.

    swaying为-ing分词作伴随状语，说明stood。

32.     sway: vi. move slowly from side to side  摇摆，摇动

    The trees were swaying gently in the wind. 树在风中轻轻摇曳。  

    I’m swaying between two opinions. 两种意见使我难以定夺。

    sway: vt.

    1) cause (sth. / sb.) to move slowly from side to side 使摇动，是摇晃

    She swayed her body in time with her music. 她随着音乐的节拍摇摆着身躯。

    She swayed her head from side to side with worry. 她忧心忡忡地频频摇头。   

    2) persuade (sb.) to believe or do one thing rather than another 使动摇，使改变主意

    He is very easily swayed. 他很容易受人影响而改变看法。

    Nothing could sway her once she had made up her mind. 她一旦打定了主意，什么也动摇不了她。

33.     (L.39) She felt uneasy, seized with fear, not for herself but for her parents.

    seized with fear, not for herself but for her parents为-ed分词短语作伴随状语；其中not for herself but for her parents 为定语，修饰fear。

34.     (L.41)She kept on running, knowing only that she had to be home.

    knowing only that she had to be home为-ing分词短语作伴随状语。

35.     (L.43) As the others were recovering, Kaz fell ill with all the symptoms of radiation sickness.  

    with all the symptoms of radiation sickness为介词短语作状语，说明附带情况。

36.     (L.45) She felt sick and dizzy, almost drunk.

    almost drunk为dizzy的同位语。

37.     dizzy: adj.

    1) (of a person) feeling as if everything is spinning around; unable to balance; confused 头晕目眩的，

迷惑的

    They danced round in circles until they were dizzy. 他们转着圈跳舞直到跳得头晕眼花。

    Riding on a merry-go-round makes me dizzy. 乘旋转木马会使我头晕眼花。

    2) of or causing this feeling使人头晕的，使人迷惑的

    He looked down from a dizzy height. 他从令人头晕的高度往下看。

38.     (L.47) Her gums and her bowels were bleeding.

39.     gum: n.

    1) (usu. pl.) firm pink flesh at the base of the teeth 牙龈，牙床

    Massage your gums after cleaning your teeth. 刷牙以后按摩一下牙床。

    A year later he could chew practically anything with his gums. 一年以后，他就能用牙床咀嚼几乎任何东西了。

    2) [U] soft sweet that people crush and grind with the teeth but do not swallow 口香糖

    Children like chewing gum. 孩子们喜欢吃口香糖。

40.     (L.50) As winter gave way to spring and spring to summer, Kaz began to heal.

    to summer前省略了gave way。

41.     gave way to: to have its place taken by 让位

    Steam trains gave way to electric trains. 蒸汽火车让位于电气火车。

    There desert gave way to pastures.  那里，沙漠没有了，出现了一些牧场。

42.     (L.51) …, and the physical and mental after-effects of that historical August 6, 1945, would trouble Kaz all the rest of her life.

43.     historical: adj. connected with the study or things from the past  历史的，历史上的

    He gave all his historical papers to the library. 他把自己所有史学文献都赠给了图书馆。

    We doubt the historical truth of his conclusions. 我们怀疑他的结论的历史真实性。