新视野大学英语

课文难点

1. (L.3) Reading a survey report on first-year college students, I recalled the regret, "If only I knew then what I know now."

    本句中，现在分词短语Reading a survey report on first-year college students用作伴随状语。现在分词（短语）常常可以用作状语，通常有逗号把它和主谓语部分分开，可以表示伴随情况、原因、时间等。

    He shook his head,smiling.他笑着摇摇头。

    Taking off our shoes,we crept cautiously along the passage in the darkness.脱掉了鞋，我们小心翼翼地沿着漆黑的通道爬行。

2. (L.5) The survey revealed what I had already suspected from informal polls of students both in Macon and at the Robins Resident Center: if it (whatever it may be) won't compute and you can't drink it, smoke it or spend it, then "it" holds little value.

    本句中the survey是主语，在后面比较长的宾语从句中，if it (whatever it may be) won't compute and you can't drink it, smoke it or spend it, then "it" holds little value进一步解释说明what I had already suspected from informal polls of students both in Macon and at the Robins Resident Center。

    动词compute在形式上是主动的,但是在含义上是被动的。意义也由原来主动的“估算、计算、算出”转化成被动的“可以被算出，有实际的经济意义”。

    The book translates well. 这本书很好翻译。

    This material washes easily. 这种衣料容易洗涤。

3.(L.12) Accordingly，today the most popular course is not literature or history but accounting. 

4. accordingly:ad.

    1）for that reason; therefore ,so 因此，于是，所以

    The weather has changed suddenly,and we must alter our plan accordingly.天气突然变了，我们必须改变计划。

    2）in a manner that is suggested by what is known or has been said 按照已知的或所说的情形

    We must find out the actual conditions there and arrange accordingly.我们必须了解那儿的具体情况，并做出相应的安排。

5. (L.14) Interest in teaching, social service and the humanities is at a low, along with ethnic and women’s studies.

6. humanity:n.

    1）(pl.) subjects concerned with human culture 人文学科（尤指文学、语言、历史和哲学）

    Susan has always been more interested in the humanities than the sciences. 苏珊对人文科学一向比对自然科学更感兴趣。

    2）[U] human beings as a whole; people 人的总称，人类

    Hitler was guilty of great crimes against humanity. 希特勒对人类犯下了滔天罪行。

    3）[U] kind-heartedness 仁慈，仁爱，善心

    We must treat prisoners with humanity. 我们必须人道地对待俘虏。

7. (L.16) On the other hand, enrollment in business programs, engineering and computer science is way up.

    短语on the other hand引出一个与上一句相反的方面，进一步说明“在这些经济不景气的年代，学生们的主要目标是想在经济上富裕一点”。因此，“攻读商科、工程学及计算机科学的学生人数却在迅速增加”。

8. enrollment:n.

    1）[C] the number of people enrolled 注册或登记的人数

    Student enrollments at the university have increased steadily in recent years. 近几年这所大学的学生入学人数稳步增长。

    2）[U] enrolling or being enrolled 登记，注册，入会

    The deadline for enrollment is three days before the class. 注册最后期限是上课前三天。

9. (L.25) And that was four years ago; I tremble to think what she's earning now.

10. tremble : v.

    1) quiver,shake 颤抖，战栗，哆嗦

    We were trembling with excitement.我们兴奋得颤抖起来。

    2) be very anxious 焦虑，不安，担心

    I tremble at the thought of what may happen.我想到可能出现的情况就不寒而栗。

11. (L.27) Can’t we educate people for life as well as for a career?   

12. as well as: in addition to 和，也，

    He was appointed general manager for his rich experience as well as excellent educational background. 他由于学历高和工作经验丰富而被任命为总经理。

    He gave the poor woman a temporary job as well as some money. 他给那个可怜的女人提供了一份临时的工作，还给了她一些钱。

    试比较：

    as well: in addition 也，还，而且

    He grows flowers,and he grows vegetables as well.他既种花也种菜。

    Are they coming as well？他们也来吗？

13. (L.30) In a time of increasing specialization, a time when 90 percent of all the scientists who have ever lived are currently alive, more than ever, we need to know what is truly important in life.

    在本句中，In a time of increasing specialization, a time when 90 percent of all the scientists who have ever lived are currently alive, more than ever是一个比较复杂的介词短语，在句中作状语。其中后半部分a time when 90 percent of all the scientists who have ever lived are currently alive,是前面a time of increasing specialization的同位语，对它进行进一步的解释和说明，指出：今天这样一个日益专业化的时代，也是一个所有科学家的90%现在都还健在的时代，也就是说，今天我们生活在的时代里的科学家的人数占人类历史上所有科学家人数的90%。所以，we need to know what is truly important in life，即“我们比过去任何时候更需了解什么是生活中真正重要的东西”。

14. specialization (英specialisation):n.[U, C] specializing 专业化，专门化

    In the course I'm taking, there's no opportunity for specialization until the final year. 我正在学的课程要到最后一学年才是专业课学习。

    The lawyer said that he was unable to help us because our case fell outside his specialization. 律师说他没法帮助我们，因为我们的案子超出了他的专业范围。

15. (L.33) Most people,somewhere between the ages of 30 and 50,finally arrive at the inevitable conclusion that they were meant to do more than serve a corporation, a government agency, or whatever.

    在这个句子中，somewhere between the ages of 30 and 50作插入语对主语most people进一步补充说明，指出：“最终都会得出这样一个必然的结论,即他们不应该仅仅是为某个公司、某个政府机构或任何其他单位服务的人大多数年龄约在30至50岁之间”。从而进一步印证了本段第一句This is   where age and maturity enter，即“这就是年龄和成熟带给人的诠悟。”

16. be meant to: be supposed to 应该

    You are meant to take your shoes off before you enter a temple in India. 在进入印度的庙宇之前应先脱鞋。

    We are meant to fill in a tax form and pay income tax every year. 每年我们都得填写税单并缴纳所得税。

17. (L.37) Sure, everyone wants to be financially comfortable, but we also want to feel we have a perspective on the world beyond the confines of our occupation; …

18. confine:n. (pl.) limits or borders，界限，范围

    This is beyond the confines of human knowledge. 这超出了人类知识的范围。

19. confine:vt. keep sb./sth. within certain limits 把……限制于

    I don't like a job in which I'm confined to doing only one thing. 我不喜欢仅限于做一件事情的工作。

20. occupation: [C] a job; an employment工作，职业

    In the space marked "occupation" she wrote "police officer". 她在 "职业"一栏里写上了 "警官"两字。

    Please state your name, age and occupation. 请说出你的姓名、年龄和职业。

21. (L.38) …we want to be able to render service to our fellow man and to our God.

22. render: vt.

    1）give, offer (help, assistance, service, etc.) 给予，提出

    This is a reward for services rendered. 这是酬谢所提供服务的奖金。

    2）cause sb. / sth. to be in a particular state 使得，使成为

    We were rendered helpless by the accident. 我们被这意外事故弄得束手无策。

23. (L.40) If it is a fact that the meaning of life does not dawn until middle age, is it then not the duty of educational institutions to prepare the way for that revelation?

24. dawn (on / upon): vi. grow clear in one’s mind 明白,意识到

    The truth began to dawn upon the poor man. 这个可怜的人慢慢明白了真相。

    It had just dawned on him that he had been fooled by the woman. 他才意识到自己被这个女人愚弄了。

25. nstitution: n.

    1) [C] (building of)an organization 机构

    The Royal Institution is an organization for scientists in England.皇家学会是英国科学家的团体。

    2) [C] a custom, system or organization that has existed for a long time and is accepted as an important part of a particular society 制度，习俗

    Eastern European countries are eager to copy the financial institutions of the West. 东欧国家很想照搬西方的财政制度。

26. (L.41) Most people, in their youth, resent the Social Security deductions from their pay, yet a seemingly few short years later find themselves standing anxiously by the mailbox.

    本句中介词短语in their youth也是插入语，对主语most people给予进一步说明。副词yet连接谓语的两个含义和心态都截然相反的部分，形成鲜明的对比：“大多数人在年轻的时候怨恨社会保障制度从他们工资中扣钱，然而好像只是短短几年后，他们就发觉自己正焦急地站在信箱旁边 (等待养老金支票)了”。

27. resent: vt. feel anger and dislike about (sth. that hurts, offends or annoys one) 怨恨

    He never resented his father for being so strict with him. 他从不怨恨父亲对自己如此严格。

    The young man resents being dependent on his parents. 这个年轻人不喜欢依赖自己的父母。

28. (L.46) And we are better for our understanding of these other contributions -- be they scientific or artistic.

    本句中be they scientific or artistic是虚拟语气形式的让步条件状语，这种用法通常出现在比较正式的英语中。

    If any person be found guilty, he shall have the right of appeal. 任何人被判有罪, 都有上诉权。

    Whether she be right or wrong, she will have my strong support. 不管她是对是错, 我都全力支持她。

29. (L.50) Weekly we read of unions that went on strike for higher wages, only to drive their employer out of business.

    在这个句子中，不定式短语only to drive their employer out of business作结果状语。不定式短语可以用作状语，通常表示目的和原因，但是，有时侯也可以用来表示结果。

    The curtains parted slowly, to reveal a market scene in the city.帷幕慢慢地拉开了，露出了那个城市里一个集市的场景。

    She lived to be 100.他活到了100岁。

    weekly:adv. once a week or every week 一周一次地，每周地

    Until he was eighty he went swimming weekly. 他每周去游一次泳，一直坚持到80岁。

    weekly:adj. happening once a week or every week 一周一次的，每周的

    We should work out what our weekly costs are. 我们应该算出我们每周的花费。

    weekly:n. [C] a newspaper or magazine which is published once every week 周报，周刊

    Is this newspaper a weekly or a daily？这种报纸是周报还是日报？

30. out of business: no longer able to operate as a business 停业的，失业的

    Out of business,he felt very uneasy at home.失业后，他在家里感到很不舒服

    Lately, shops have had to pay more every month for the space they use. These increases could put a lot of small shops out of business.近来商店的铺面月租金提高了。这会使许多小店铺关门歇业。

31. (L.53) I saw a cartoon recently which depicts a group of businessmen looking puzzled as they sit around a conference table; …

    本句中动名词短语looking puzzled as they sit around a conference table作定语，修饰a group of businessmen，非常形象地描述了最近“我”看的一部动画片中描述的一批商人的形象：“坐在会议圆桌周围，看上去迷惑不解的样子”。

32. depicts:vt. show (sb./sth.) as a picture; describe (sth.) in words 描绘，描述

    The drawing depicts her sitting on a sofa. 这幅画描绘的是她坐在沙发上的姿态。

    Her novel depicts the lives of ordinary people in the last century. 她的小说描写了上个世纪普通人的生活情况。

33. (L.55) …"Miss Baxter," he says, "could you please send in someone who can distinguish right from wrong?"

34. distinguish:vt.

    1) recognize the difference between (people or things) 辨别，识别

    The twins look so much like each other that no one can distinguish one from the other. 这对双胞胎长得非常像，无人能分辨出谁是谁。

    2)(oneself) behave or perform noticeably well 表现突出

    He distinguished himself in British theatre at a very early age. 他很小就在英国戏剧界崭露头角了。

35. (L.59) But he also hosted a classical music show on the college’s FM station and listened to Wagner as he studied his accounting.

36. host: vt. act as a host of 主持，主办

    Beijing is going to host the 2008 Olympics. 北京将主办2008年奥运会。

    host(fem. 阴性作：hostess): n.

    1) person who receives and entertains one or more other people as guests（待客的）主人

    Mr. and Mrs. Hill are such good hosts.希尔先生和太太照顾客人很周到。

    2) person who hosts a TV programme, etc.（电视节目等的）主持人

    Your host on tonight’s show is Xiao Zhang.今晚表演节目的主持人是小张。

37. listen to:

    1) try to hear 听，倾听

    You are not listening to what I’m saying！你没注意听我说话！

    2) allow oneself to be persuaded by 听从，听信

    I never listen to what salesmen tell me.我从不听信推销员的话。