Unit 8
Part I Requirements I II III IV V VI VII
Part II Help Words to Drill Expressions to Drill
Part I Requirements
After you learn this unit, you should be able to
I answer the following questions:
1. How was daydreaming generally looked upon until recently?
2. What used to be the common attitude towards night dreaming?
3. What advantage is there in daydreaming and night dreaming?
4. What conclusion has Dr. Joan T. Freyberg drawn from her experiments?
5. What is probably the most remarkable thing about daydreaming?
6. In what ways were Henry J. Kaiser, Florence Nightingale and Thomas Edison alike?
7. In what way, according to Dr. Harry Emerson Fosdick, is the exercise of imagination related to one’s achievements?
8. How did John Uelses use daydreaming techniques before each meet?
9. Why would positive daydreaming help bring about success in the opinion of Dr. Maxwell Maltz?
10.How can one use purposeful daydreaming to shape one’s future?
11.What difference can daydreaming make if combined with hard work?
12.What makes some researches think it worthwhile to set aside a few minutes each day for daydreaming?
II understand and use the following key words and expressions by yourself:
Key Words |
achievement affect appropriately attain benefit contribute escape goal growth hostile interfere maintain means merely neglect picture project recommend screen shape substitute supposedly view |
Phrases & Expressions |
1. amount to 2. interfere with 3. contribute to 4. get along with 5. due to 6. come true 7. come true 8. go about |
(please refer to the "Words to Drill" part and the hyperlinked blue words in the text on the CD-ROM CEIR3_B)
III explain who or what are the following:
1. Florence Nightingale 2. Thomas Edison 3. pole-vaulting 4. stadium 5. nervous system
(please refer to the hyperlinked red words in the text on the CD-ROM CEIR3_B)
IV understand and paraphrase the following sentences:
1. You’ll never amount to anything…
2. … an unhealthy escape from real life and its duties.
3. But now some people are taking a fresh look at daydreaming.
4. Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that attitudes towards night dreaming have changed.
5. … researchers tried interrupting the dreams of sleepers.
6. But its benefits go beyond this.
7. … have conducted experiments and have reached some surprising conclusions.
8. But that’s only part of the story.
9. The most remarkable thing about daydreaming may be its usefulness in shaping our future lives as we want them to be.
10. … much of his success was due to the positive use of daydreaming.
11. The young Thomas Edison pictured himself as an inventor.
12. … the way we picture ourselves is often the way we turn out.
13. “Hold a picture of yourself… in you mind’s eye, and ylu will be drawn toward it.
14. Do not picture yourself as anything, and you will drift …”
15. Why not try?
16. If it’s school success you’re after…
17. Daydreaming alone can’t turn you into your heart’s desire.
18. It could be the difference between becoming merely good at something and becoming a champion.
19. … who knows …
(please refer to the "Notes to the Text" part on the CD-ROM CEIR3_B)
V understand the structure of the text:
(please refer to the "Organization" part on the CD-ROM CEIR3_B)
(please refer to the "Organization" part on the CD-ROM CEIR3_B)
VII translate the text into Chinese:
(please refer to the "Translation" part before each paragraph in the text on the CD-ROM CEIR3_B)
Part II Help
achievement
n.
sth. successfully finished or gained; the act of achieving sth. 成就，成绩；完成，达到
---Winning
three gold medals in succession is a remarkable achievement.
---He
was proud of his daughter’s achievements in applied chemistry.
---You
get a wonderful sense of achievement when you reach the top of the Great Wall.
Useful
Collocations: a great/major/ achievement 伟大的/主要的成就; a lasting achievement 不朽的业绩;
an
outstanding/a remarkable achievement 杰出的/极不寻常的成就;
a sense of achievement 一种成就感; an achievement in sth. …方面的成就;
the achievement of one’s goal 达到目标
affect
vt.
1) have an effect on 影响
---Does
the amount of rain affect the growth of the crops?
---He
suffered from a disease affecting the central nervous system.
2)
make sb. feel strong emotions（在感情方面）打动
---We
were all deeply affected by the news of her death.
---The
audience were much affected by the film.
Useful
Collocations: affect closely 密切影响;
be affected deeply 深受感动; affect directly/indirectly 直接/间接地影响;
be mentally affected 精神上受到影响; affect sb. personally 对某人个人有影响;
affect profoundly/vitally 影响深远/重大; affect seriously/severely 严重影响;
affect unfavorably 使受不良影响;
be affected by sth. 受…的影响；被…所感动
appropriately
ad.
properly, suitably 适当地，恰当地
---Those
children aren’t appropriately dressed for the cold weather.
---Her
new job started, appropriately enough, on the first of January.
attain
vt.
succeed in arriving at, especially after effort, reach 获得；达到
---More
and more women are attaining positions of power in public life.
---He
attained his goal at last.
Useful
Collocations: attain fame 获得声誉；a
high position 获得崇高地位；attain
one’s ambitions 实现抱负
benefit n.
1) advantage, profit, good effect 益处,
好处
---I
got a lot of benefit from learning a foreign language.
---The
new credit cards will be of great benefit to our customers.
---All
donations（捐款）are
used for the benefit of the disabled children.
2)
money provided by the government to people who are sick or unemployment, welfare
救济(金)
---Are
you sure you’re getting all the benefits you’re entitled to?
---He
is out of work and receiving unemployment benefit.
Useful
Collocations: housing/child/unemployment benefits 住房/儿童/失业救济(金);
public benefit 公共利益;
for the benefit of sb./sth. 为了…的利益be of benefit to sb./sth. 对…有利
vt. & vi. bring
advantages to sb.; be helped by sth. 有益于；得益
---The
new hospital benefited us enormously.
---I
can see the advantages for you, but how will I benefit from it?
---Many small businesses have benefited from the
new policy.
Useful Collocations:
benefit sb./sth. greatly 对…大有好处；benefit from/by sth. 得益于…
contribute
vt. & vi.
help in bringing about; give money, or help to sth. 贡献；捐助，提供
---The
construction of a highway will contribute to the economic growth of the suburbs.
---A
proper amount of exercise contributes to good health.
---The
volunteers contribute huge amounts of their own time to the project.
---Most
people contributed something towards the new church building.
Useful
Collocations: contribute good ideas 提出好的意见;
contribute money to sb./sth. 向…捐款
escape
n.
the act of getting away from a place or from an unpleasant or dangerous
situation 逃跑；逃避
---The bank robbers made their escape
in a car.
---The party is boring--we couldn’t
wait to make our escape.
---Teenagers turn to drugs as a form
of escape.
Useful Collocations: make an escape 逃走;
organize an escape 组织（策划）逃跑; a clean escape 利索的逃脱;
have a narrow escape 九死一生,幸免于难;
escape from /out of sb./sth. 脱离…, 逃避…
vt. & vi.
1) succeed in avoiding; get away from a place or a dangerous situation 避免；逃避
---The back seat passengers escaped
death by inches.
---A famous actor cannot escape being
recognized.
---They managed to escape from the
enemy soldiers and flee to Switzerland.
2) not remember sth.; not see or
realize sth. 被(人)遗忘;
逃过（人的）注意
---I’ve met him before, but his
name escapes me.
---Nothing important escapes her
notice.
3) (gas or liquid) come out when you
do not want it 漏出，流出
---Gas is escaping from the hose.
---Screw the top back firmly to
prevent any fumes from escaping.
Useful Collocations: escape doing sth. 避免…;
escape from… 逃离…;
escape from prison越狱;
escape out of sth. 从…逃出,
从…流出/漏出;
escape to a place 逃到一个地方
goal
n.
1) aim or purpose 目标
---We’ve
achieved our goal of building a shelter for the homeless.
---The department’s main goal is to reduce the amount of illegal drugs
entering the country.
2)
the scoring area where the ball must go for a point to be won; a point scored
when a player gets a ball
into the scoring area球门；进球得分
---Black
kicked the ball into the goal.
---We
beat them by three goals to two.
Useful Collocations:
achieve/attain/reach/realize a goal 实现目标;
keep a goal （足球）守门;
kick/head/make/score/win a goal 进一球,
得一分;
an immediate/ultimate goal 最近/
最终目标;
a long-term/short-term goal 长远/短期目标
growth
n.
1) growing; development 成长；发展
---A
loving home environment is essential for a child’s personal growth.
---Beijing’s
economic growth rate has been very high in the past twenty years.
2)
increase 增加
---During
the 1970’s there was a rapid growth in oil production and consumption.
---Our
government has made great efforts to control the population growth.
Useful
Collocations: economic growth 经济发展/增长;
intellectual/personal growth 智力/个人发展; population growth 人口增长;
rapid growth 迅速发展/增长
hostile
a.
unfriendly; belonging to an enemy 不友善的，敌对的
---The
President was given a hostile reception by a crowd of angry farmers.
---The
minister was openly hostile to our proposals.
Useful
Collocations: a hostile country 敌国; hostile words 带刺的话; be hostile to/towards sb./sth. 对…不友好
interfere
vi.
get in the way of another 干涉；妨碍
---Don’t
interfere with other people’s affairs.
---Some
people believe it’s not the church’s job to interfere in politics.
---Anxiety
can interfere with children’s performance at school.
Useful Collocation:
interfere in/with sb./sth. 干涉…，妨碍…
maintain
vt.
1) state or assert as true 断言
---Critics
maintain that these reforms will lead to a decline in educational standards.
---He
maintained his innocence.
2)
keep up 维持
---We
should maintain friendly relations with neighboring countries.
---The
increase in sales is being maintained.
3)
provide someone with the things they need, such as money or food 赡养；负担
---How
can you maintain a family on $900 a month?
---I
found it hard to maintain my family on my small income.
4)
keep a machine or building in good condition by looking after it 维修，保养
---The
report found that safety equipment had been very poorly maintained.
---He
maintains his car very well.
Useful
Collocations: maintain + that clause 断言,
主张;
maintain the lead 保持领先;
maintain silence保持沉默;
means
n.
method or way 方法，手段
---What
would be the most effective means of advertising our product?
---We
had no means of transport except two bicycles.
---The
money was acquired by dishonest means.
Useful
Collocations: an effective means 有效的方法;
a fair/honest means 正当的手段;
by means of sth. 用…，依靠…;
by all means 想尽一切办法，无论如何;
by no means 决不，一点也不;
a means of communication/transport 通讯/交通工具
merely
ad.
only; simply 仅仅，只不过
---It
is an issue of merely local importance.
---I
asked it merely out of curiosity.
mere a. nothing more than 仅仅的，只不过的
---He
is a mere child. Don’t be too hard on him.
---The
mere sight of a mouse would make her scream.
neglect
vt.
pay no attention to; give no or not enough care to 忽视, 忽略
---They
were accused of neglecting the children.
---The
agent had neglected to warn us about delays.
Useful Collocations:
neglect to do/doing sth. 忘记做…，漏做…; willfully neglect 故意忽视
n. failure to look
after sth./sb. properly 忽视，疏忽
---The
tenants are complaining about the landlord’s neglect of the property.
---She
insisted that there was no neglect of duty on her part.
Useful
Collocations: recover from neglect 不再被忽视; suffer from neglect 被忽视;
a complete/total neglect 完全忽视;
a state of neglect 处于无人过问的状态
picture
vt.
imagine; make a picture of 想象；(在心中)
描绘
---I
really can’t picture her as a football player. She is so clumsy.
---The
artist pictured her as a Spanish dancer.
Useful
Collocations: picture sb. (as) doing sth. 想象某人做;
picture sb./sth. as + n./a. 把…想象成,
把…描绘成
project
vt. & vi.
1) cause a picture from a film or slide to fall on a surface, etc. 映，投射
---We
don’t have a screen but we can project the slides onto the wall.
---The
images were projected on the screen.
2)
stick out beyond an edge or surface 伸出, 突出
---The
huge guns projected outward from the deck of the ship.
---One
of the features of the hotel is that its dining room projects (out) over the
sea.
Useful
Collocations: project sth. on/onto sth. 把…投影在…; project from/through sth. 伸出…
recommend
vt.
1) advise or suggest 建议,
劝告
---The
manufacturer recommended wearing safety equipment when operating the machine.
---The doctor recommended me to take a long rest.
---The
teacher recommended that we should read more novels.
2)
speak favourably of 推荐，介绍
---I
would recommend Mr. Bryant for the position of Assistant Manager.
---Would
you recommend a good dictionary to me?
Useful
Collocations: recommend doing sth. 建议做…; recommend sb. to do sth. 建议某人做…;
recommend
enthusiastically
热情地推荐;
recommend highly 高度地赞许;
recommend strongly 极力推荐; recommend sb.
as
sth. 推荐某人当…;
recommend sth. to sb. 向某人推荐…; recommend sb. for sth. 推荐某人担任…
screen
n.
white surface on which cinema films, TV programs, etc. are shown 荧屏，屏幕
---It’s
his first time to appear on the screen.
---The
popular show will be back on your screens in the autumn.
---Write
the letter on the computer, then you can make changes easily on screen.
Useful
Collocations: put up a screen 竖起屏幕;
a radar screen 雷达屏;
a television screen 电视屏幕; on a screen 在屏幕上；on
screen 在(电脑等)
显示屏上
vt. hide or protect 掩蔽，遮蔽；保护
---A
large hat screened her face.
---The
house is screened off from the road by a row of trees.
Useful Collocations:
screen sth. off 用隔板（等）围住（或隔开）…; screen sb./sth. from sth.
掩盖…以防…
shape
vt. influence and determine the
course or form of；turn
sth. into a particular shape 形成，塑造;
使成形
---People’s
political beliefs are often shaped by what they read in the newspapers.
---We
are all shaped by the times in which we live in.
---She
shaped clay into a doll.
Useful
Collocations: shape sth. from /out of sth. 用…做成…; shape sth. into sth. 把…做成…的形状
substitute
n.
a person or thing acting in place of another 代替者；代用品
---He
will be the substitute for me as a chairman.
---I’ll
never be able to find a substitute for that watch.
---Vitamin
pills are no substitute for healthy eating.
Useful
Collocations: a milk substitute 代乳品; a substitute for sb./sth. …的替换品;
be no substitute for sth. 不能取代…
vt. replace (sth.) with
sth. else; do sth. in the place of sb. 用…代替;
代替,
取代
---You
can substitute yogurt for the sour cream.
---He
substituted for the teacher who was in hospital.
Useful Collocations:
substitute for sb./sth. 替换…; substitute sth. for/with sth. 用…替换…
supposedly
ad.
presumably; probably 恐怕，可能
---Supposedly,
she is a rich woman.
---There
will be supposedly a simple explanation for what happened.
supposed a.
claimed by others to be true or real though you are not certain 假定的
---His
essay dwelt on the supposed benefits and advantages of a new economic system.
---His
supposed friend turned out to be his worst enemy.
view
vt.
1) consider, regard 看待，考虑
---Conflict
is viewed as an inevitable part of the child-parent relationship.
---Viewed
from a financial standpoint, the show was a failure.
---Offers
of rides from strangers should always be viewed with suspicion.
2)
look at 观察，看
---The
buildings are much more impressive when viewed from the other side of the river.
---Thousands
of tourists come to view the gardens every year.
Useful
Collocations: view sb./sth. as sb./sth. 把…看作…; view sth. from sth. 从…角度考虑/看…; view sb./sth. with sth. 以…看待…
Expressions to Drill
amount
to develop
into 发展成，取得（成就）
e.g. He, a braggart (吹牛皮者),
will never amount to anything.
interfere
with
hinder, affect; interrupt 干扰；妨碍
e.g. I never try to stop them arguing in case they think I’m
interfering with them.
contribute
to
help to achieve, give help towards 有助于
e.g. The new policy contributes largely to the commercial
growth of the country.
get
along with have a friendly relationship with sb. 和
(某人）相处
e.g. How are you getting along with your neighbors?
due
to
because of; caused by 由于…的原因
e.g. The company’s problems are due to a mixture of bad luck
and poor management.
go
about
make a start at; undertake 开始，着手（工作）
e.g. It’s not a difficult job if you go about it right away.
come true happen just as was wished, expected, or dreamt（愿望等）实现，（预言等）成为现实
e.g. His dream to sail round the world came true.